Excessive skin folds — Dogs

The story behind the answer

The image shows repeated, deep skin rolls over the head and body—hallmarks of excessive skin folds. These are distinct from loose neck skin (a single dewlap under the throat) and from excessive fat (which creates smooth bulges without sharp creases). They also go beyond “congenital facial wrinkles,” which are limited to the face.

Breeds like the Shar-Pei, English Bulldog, and Neapolitan Mastiff are selectively bred for these folds, which can trap heat and moisture, predisposing dogs to skin-fold dermatitis, yeast/bacterial infections, and even eye issues like entropion. Care involves regular cleaning and drying of the folds; in severe cases, surgery may be needed. Memory tip: folds make valleys; fat makes mounds; dewlap is one curtain under the neck.