The idea of Socialism was articulated and advanced by whom?

The story behind the answer

Karl Marx, with Friedrich Engels, systematically articulated modern socialism—often called “scientific socialism.” In The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital, Marx analyzed capitalism through class struggle and argued that workers should control the means of production. Earlier “utopian socialists” (like Owen and Fourier) envisioned cooperative societies, but Marx grounded socialism in a historical and economic theory (historical materialism).

Lenin and Stalin later adapted Marx’s ideas to govern the Soviet state, and Vladimir Putin is a contemporary Russian leader, not a socialist theorist. Memory tip: M for Marx, Manifesto, and Means of production. Remember that Marx didn’t invent the wish for a fairer society—he gave socialism its rigorous framework and global influence.