What do we call a person who studies and teaches in a medieval university?

The story behind the answer

In medieval universities, the community of learning was made up of scholars—students and masters devoted to study and, for masters, to teaching. Formal ranks were magister or doctor, but all who belonged to the studium were considered scholars. A monk lived under a monastic rule, a cleric was defined by ordination, and “lecturer” is a later job label; medieval teaching posts were readers or masters, not a general identity.

Universities such as Paris, Bologna, and Oxford formed as guilds (universitates) of scholars, taught in Latin, and trained students first in the trivium and quadrivium before law, medicine, or theology. Scholars enjoyed clerical legal privileges, traveled between schools, and practiced scholastic methods like lectio and disputation—foundations of Europe’s academic tradition.