Which 1187 battle led to Jerusalem’s recapture by Saladin?

The story behind the answer

In July 1187 at the Horns of Hattin near Tiberias, Saladin lured the Crusader host into arid terrain, cut them off from water, and hemmed them in with horse archers and fire, shattering the Kingdom of Jerusalem’s army. King Guy was captured and the revered True Cross seized, leaving the Latin states largely defenseless.

Within months, most Crusader strongholds capitulated; Jerusalem surrendered in October 1187, sparking the Third Crusade. By contrast, Montgisard (1177) was a surprise Crusader victory under Baldwin IV, Arsuf (1191) a later success by Richard I, and Cresson (May 1187) a smaller prelude skirmish. The disaster at Hattin—marching in midsummer without secure water—became a classic lesson in how logistics can decide medieval wars.