What is the name of the deadly pandemic that hit Europe in the 1300s?

The story behind the answer

It refers to the mid-14th-century pandemic that swept Europe from about 1347 to 1351, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Transmitted primarily by fleas on black rats (and later via human fleas and lice), it killed an estimated one-third to one-half of Europe’s population, making it one of the deadliest events in human history.

Its devastation reshaped society: labor shortages empowered peasants to demand higher wages, weakening feudal structures; art and literature adopted macabre, mortality-focused themes; and authorities pioneered early public health tools like quarantine in Italian port cities. By contrast, the Great Plague of London (1665), the Justinian outbreak (6th century), and the 1918 flu occurred in different eras.