Longbow — Middle Ages

The story behind the answer

Massed medieval archers are best known for using tall yew bows capable of rapid, long-range volley fire. Unlike crossbows or the heavier arbalest, these bows could loose 6–12 arrows a minute, showering enemy formations and cavalry from hundreds of yards, a hallmark of English and Welsh tactics in the Hundred Years’ War.

Made from yew staves often over six feet, they demanded immense strength (draw weights 100–180 lb). Kings mandated archery practice, and archaeologists even find shoulder and spine changes in archers’ skeletons. Bodkin-tipped shafts could penetrate mail and thinner plate, helping decide battles like Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt.