What is the medieval term for a fortified settlement on a hill in France, often linked to early medieval defense?

The story behind the answer

This hallmark Norman design pairs an earthen mound (motte) topped by a timber or stone keep with a lower enclosed courtyard (bailey), all defended by ditches and palisades. Originating in northern France in the 10th–11th centuries, it spread rapidly because it was quick to build from local soil and timber yet offered strong command over surrounding countryside—ideal for establishing control after conquests.

It differs from the options listed: a ringwork uses a circular bank and ditch without the raised mound; a hillfort is typically an Iron Age enclosure, not a medieval innovation; and a castrum is a Roman-style camp with rectilinear planning. Many early examples were later rebuilt in stone, but the basic two-part layout remained influential.