Who was the last pharaoh of Egypt?

The story behind the answer

Cleopatra VII is correct because she was the final ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the last pharaoh of Egypt. After her defeat alongside Mark Antony by Octavian at the Battle of Actium (31 BCE) and her death in 30 BCE, Egypt was annexed by Rome, ending over 3,000 years of pharaonic rule.

Context: Cleopatra, of Macedonian Greek descent, was renowned for her political acumen, multilingualism, and alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. To remember: “Cleopatra Closes the Curtain”—her reign marks the curtain call of ancient Egypt’s pharaohs. By contrast, Ramses II, Hatshepsut, and Tutankhamun were New Kingdom rulers who lived over a millennium earlier.