What is the name of the religious war in Spain to retake territory from Muslim rule?

The story behind the answer

It refers to the centuries-long series of campaigns by the Christian kingdoms of Iberia to reclaim lands from Muslim-ruled al‑Andalus, ending in 1492 when Ferdinand and Isabella took Granada. Unlike the broader Eastern Mediterranean crusades, these wars were fought on the peninsula itself and mixed dynastic ambition, papal-sanctioned crusading ideology, and frontier settlement.

The process began after the 711 conquest, with early milestones like Covadonga, and advanced through states such as León-Castile, Aragon, and Portugal. It fostered military orders, granted fueros to attract settlers, and produced a rich cultural blend—even as conflict persisted. Its finale reshaped Europe: the union of Castile and Aragon, the expulsion of many Jews and Muslims, and the same monarchs sponsoring Columbus’s 1492 voyage.