Middle Ages · Question
What is the medieval term for an archer’s protective wooden screen?
Answer
Pavise
The story behind the answer
A pavise was a large, often convex shield with a wooden core, set upright to shelter archers and especially crossbowmen while they reloaded or took aim. It could be planted with a spike or supported by a prop and was sometimes carried by a dedicated assistant (a pavisier). Its size and free-standing design made it essentially a portable wooden screen on the battlefield.
The term likely derives from Pavia in northern Italy, and pavises became iconic among Genoese crossbowmen and in the Hussite Wars. Many were covered with canvas and painted with guild emblems or saints for moral and unit identity. By contrast, a targe is a small hand-shield, barding is horse armor, and a mantlet is a larger wheeled siege screen for sappers.