What is the medieval term for a fortified bridge or gatehouse controlling entry?

The story behind the answer

It’s the outer defensive work built to guard and control the approach to a castle or city gate—often a fortified outwork connected by a walled passage or bridge. Placed in front of the main gate, it let defenders funnel attackers into a narrow space, trap them between gates, and target them from above and the sides. Many included portcullises, murder holes, and sometimes a drawbridge, but as a whole complex they formed the advanced checkpoint.

These structures became widespread from the 13th century as siege engines improved. Notable survivors include the circular Kraków example and Walmgate Bar’s outwork in York. By contrast, a portcullis is just the sliding grille, a drawbridge is the movable span, and the gatehouse is the main gateway within the walls.